From Concept to Reality: An Assessment of Gender and Development Awareness and Perception Levels as Basis for Gad Extension Programs

Authors

  • Dr. Candida S. Punla College of Education, Bataan Peninsula State University – Dinalupihan Campus, San Ramon, Dinalupihan, Bataan Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70437/w3h9bd32

Keywords:

Awareness, DepEd Bataan, Gender Bias, Marginalization, Perception , Teachers

Abstract

This study examines teachers' awareness and perceptions of Gender and Development (GAD) in DepEd Bataan, specifically in Dinalupihan West District Elementary Schools. To fill a gap in existing survey tools, the researcher developed and validated a new scale with 67 items on awareness and 60 on perceptions. The validation process, including expert feedback and a literature review, showed high item relevance (I-CVI=0.958) and content validity (S-CVI/SU=0.90). Reliability analysis with 75 respondents produced a Cronbach’s Alpha of .943. Findings from 228 teachers highlight a need to enhance GAD awareness, especially regarding gender analysis, laws, and core concepts. The study calls for stronger GAD initiatives in the district to promote a more inclusive and informed educational environment.

References

Beresford Research. (2023, March 27). Retrieved from https://www.beresfordresearch.com: https://www.beresfordresearch.com/age-range-by-generation/

Cherry, MSEd, K. (2023, February 1). What is perception? Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com: https://www.verywellmind.com/perception-and-the-perceptual-process-2795839

DepEd. (2023, March 26). Retrieved from https://www.deped.gov.ph: https://www.deped.gov.ph/2017/06/29/do-32-s-2017-gender-responsive-basic-education-policy/

Dovetail Editorial Team. (2023, February 5). What is descriptive research? Retrieved from Dovetail: https://dovetail.com/research/descriptive-research/

European Institute for Gender Equality. (2023, December). Gender Analysis. Retrieved from eige.europa.eu: https://eige.europa.eu/gender-mainstreaming/tools-methods/gender-analysis?language_content_entity=en

Fleetwood, D. (2023, July 08). Quantitative Research: What It Is, Practices & Methods. Retrieved from QuestionPro: https://www.questionpro.com/blog/quantitative-research/

Ghaemi, MD, MPH, N. (2019, April 8). PsychologyToday. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/mood-swings/201904/the-cultural-psychology-generation-x

Le Roux, E., & Khalf-Elledge, N. (n.d.). Religions, Gender and Development. Stellenbosch University; University of London: Spotlight Initiative; UN Women.

Leo. (2023, October 28). Unlocking the Power of Perception in Psychology: How Your Mind Shapes Your Reality. Retrieved from https://psychologily.com/: https://rb.gy/a8nha1

Levesque, R. J. (2014, January 01). Sex Roles and Gender Roles. Encyclopedia of Adolescence, pp. 2622-2623.

Odukoya, A. (2022, November 17). The Changing Generational Values. Retrieved from https://imagine.jhu.edu/: https://imagine.jhu.edu/blog/2022/11/17/the-changing-generational-values/

Orstavik, S. (2023, March 30). Why investing through a gender and marginalization lens is good for business. Retrieved from UNDP: https://www.undp.org/blog/why-investing-through-gender-and-marginalization-lens-good-business

Philippine Commission on Women. (2023, March 26). Retrieved from https://pcw.gov.ph: https://pcw.gov.ph/gad-budget-report/

Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. (2006, October). The content validity index: are you sure you know what's being reported? Critique and recommendations. Retrieved from National Library of Medicine: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16977646/

Respicio & Co. (2023, November 26). Common Law Marriage in the Philippines. Retrieved from https://www.respicio.ph: https://www.respicio.ph/articles/common-law-marriage-in-the-philippines

rothschildsintrotosociology. (2023, April 18). Retrieved from https://rwu.pressbooks.pub: https://rwu.pressbooks.pub/rothschildsintrotosociology/chapter/agents-of-socialization/

Simkus, J. (2023, July 31). SimplyPsychology. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org: https://www.simplypsychology.org/stratified-random-sampling.html

UNESCO. (2019). Global Education Monitoring Report – Gender Report: Building bridges for gender equality. Paris: UNESCO.

UNESCO 2023. (n.d.). UNESCO in Action for Gender Equality 2022-2023. Paris: UNESCO. Retrieved from UNESCO Digital Library: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000387300

UNESCO. 2019. (n.d.). From Access to Empowerment: UNESCO Strategy for Gender Equality in and through Education 2019-2025. Education 2030, ISBN 978-92-3-100330-1; https://doi.org/10.54675/IJGQ3826.

UNESCO. News. (2023, November 9). Retrieved from https://www.unesco.org/: https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/gender-equality-and-through-teaching-profession

UNESCO.2020. (n.d.). Global Education Monitoring Report - Gender Report: A New Generation; 25 years of efforts for gender equality in education. Paris: UNESCO.

UNESDOC. (2023, March 26). Inclusion and Gender Equality. Retrieved from https://unesdoc.unesco.org/: https://rb.gy/uqh36l

Winkel, H. (2019). Religious Cultures and Gender Cultures: Tracing Gender Differences Across Religious Cultures. Journal of Contemporary Religion, 34:2, 241-251, DOI: 10.1080/13537903.2019.1621540.

Downloads

Published

2025-11-24

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Punla, C. (2025). From Concept to Reality: An Assessment of Gender and Development Awareness and Perception Levels as Basis for Gad Extension Programs. Indonesian Journal on Education (IJoEd), 2(3), 233-241. https://doi.org/10.70437/w3h9bd32

Similar Articles

1-10 of 17

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.